# Nebula Design Research

> Original research on the UK's charity websites: every charity on the three UK registers with a usable recorded website, read once by an identified crawler and published as aggregate figures with the method and CC BY 4.0 data. No charity is named.

Hub: https://nebula.design/research/

## Papers

- [What the UK's charity websites are built on](https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-website-platforms-2026/): 48.9% of 55,300 UK charity websites run WordPress, and 13.6% of the 20,037 whose version is readable had not installed the latest security release for their branch. Platforms, versions, PHP and page builders measured in August 2026. (published 3 November 2026) Data: https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-website-platforms-2026/data.csv
- [Cookies, consent and the UK's charity websites](https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-cookie-consent-2026/): 62.3% of UK charity websites that run cookie analytics show no consent tool; 26.4% of all readable homepages load cookie analytics with no consent banner - measured across 55,300 sites. (published 25 August 2026, updated 3 November 2026) Data: https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-cookie-consent-2026/data.csv
- [Can you trust email from the UK's charities?](https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-email-security-2026/): 87.2% of UK charity domains publish no enforcing DMARC policy, 55.7% no DMARC record at all, and 28.8% no SPF record - measured across 73,687 domains. (published 24 August 2026, updated 3 November 2026) Data: https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-email-security-2026/data.csv
- [How the UK's charities take donations online](https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-donation-platforms-2026/): A measured census of 73,687 charity websites across the UK. Of the 34,843 sites that engage with donations online, 59.0% show a visible way to give - and 41.0% ask but give the donor no way to act. (published 24 August 2026, updated 3 November 2026) Data: https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-donation-platforms-2026/data.csv
- [How reliable is the UK's charity register data about websites?](https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-register-website-data-2026/): Between 41% and 50% of UK charity register records hold no usable website, and in a measured crawl 17.9% of recorded URLs were wrong. (published 14 August 2026, updated 13 November 2026) Data: https://nebula.design/research/uk-charity-register-website-data-2026/data.csv
- [How Bristol's charities take donations online](https://nebula.design/research/bristol-charity-donation-platforms-2026/): A measured census of 1,233 charity websites across the Bristol area: 44.7% show a visible way to donate online, the top three platforms carry over half of offsite giving, and 28.8% of charities send donors to somebody else's website. (published August 2026, updated 21 August 2026)

## Crawler

- [NebulaBot](https://nebula.design/bot/): the identified crawler behind the research, with its opt-out.

## Contact

- info@nebula.design